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' Dukungan sosial adalah informasi atau umpan balik dari orang lain yang menunjukkan bahwa seseorang dicintai dan diperhatikan, dihargai, dan dihormati, serta dilibatkan dalam jaringan komunikasi dan kewajiban yang timbal balik. ^{[

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Ada 4 bentuk dukungan sosial yang umum: ^{[

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- Emotional support
  - Pemberian empati, perhatian, kasih sayang, cinta, kepercayaan, penerimaan, keintiman, dorongan, atau kepedulian. ^{[
    
    5
    
    ]} ^{[
    
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    ]} Intinya melibatkan kehangatan dan pengasuhan sebagai sumber dari dukungan sosial. ^{[
    
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    ]} Memberikan dukungan emosional bertujuan agar sang peneriman dukungan merasakan bahwa dirinya berharga. ^{[
    
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    ]} Dukungan ini juga disebut sebagai "esteem support" atau "appraisal support." ^{[
    
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    ]}
- Tangible support
  - Pemberian bantuan keuangan, barang, ataupun layanan. ^{[
    
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    ]} ^{[
    
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    ]} Disebut juga "instrumental support", bentuk dukungan ini menggunakan materi untuk memberikan bantuan secara nyata (fisik) dan langsung kepada yang membutuhkan. ^{[
    
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    ]}
- Informational support
  - Pemberian nasihat, tuntunan, anjuran, atau informasi berguna bagi seseorang. ^{[
    
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    ]} ^{[
    
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    ]} Jenis informasi ini dapat menyelesaikan masalah orang lain. ^{[
    
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    ]} ^{[
    
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- Companionship support
  - Jenis dukungan yang memberikan perasaan diterima menjadi bagian suatu kelompok dan rasa kebersamaan (disebut juga "belonging support"). ^{[
    
    8
    
    ]} Ini berupa menghadirkan teman untuk melakukan aktivitas sosial. ^{[
    
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    ]}

Referensi

^ Czyz, Ewa K.; Liu, Zhuqing; King, Cheryl A. (Maret 2012). "Social Connectedness and One-Year Trajectories Among Suicidal Adolescents Following Psychiatric Hospitalization". Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 41 (2): 226. doi : https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.651998 Periksa nilai |doi= ( bantuan ) .
^ Wills, T.A. (1991). Margaret, Clark, ed. "Social support and interpersonal relationships". Prosocial Behavior, Review of Personality and Social Psychology . 12 : 265–289.
^ Wills, T.A. (1985). "Supportive functions of interpersonal relationships". Dalam S. Cohen; L. Syme. Social support and health . Orlando, FL: Academic Press. hlm. 61–82.
^ Uchino, B. (2004). Social Support and Physical Health: Understanding the Health Consequences of Relationships . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. hlm. 16 –17.
^ ^a ^b ^c Langford, C.P.H.; Bowsher, J.; Maloney, J.P.; Lillis, P.P. (1997). "Social support: a conceptual analysis". Journal of Advanced Nursing . 25 : 95–100. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025095.x .
^ ^a ^b Slevin, M.L.; Nichols, S.E.; Downer, S.M.; Wilson, P.; Lister, T.A.; Arnott, S.; Maher, J.; Souhami, R.L.; Tobias, J.S.; Goldstone, A.H.; Cody, M. (1996). "Emotional support for cancer patients: what do patients really want?" . British Journal of Cancer . 74 : 1275–1279. doi : 10.1038/bjc.1996.529 . PMC 2075927 .
^ Taylor, S.E. (2011). "Social support: A Review". Dalam M.S. Friedman. The Handbook of Health Psychology . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 189–214.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Wills912
^ Heaney, C.A., & Israel, B.A. (2008). "Social networks and social support". Dalam Glanz, K.; Rimer, B.K.; Viswanath, K. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice (edisi ke-4th). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
^ House, J.S. (1981). Work stress and social support . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
^ Krause, N. (1986). "Social support, stress, and well-being". Journal of Gerontology . 41 (4): 512–519. doi : 10.1093/geronj/41.4.512 .
^ Tilden, V.P.; Weinert, S.C. (1987). "Social support and the chronically ill individual". Nursing Clinics of North America . 22 (3): 613–620.
^ Uchino, B. (2004). Social Support and Physical Health: Understanding the Health Consequences of Relationships . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. hlm. 17 .

[1] Czyz, Ewa K.; Liu, Zhuqing; King, Cheryl A. (Maret 2012). "Social Connectedness and One-Year Trajectories Among Suicidal Adolescents Following Psychiatric Hospitalization". Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 41 (2): 226. doi : https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.651998 Periksa nilai |doi= ( bantuan ) .

[Wills91-2] Wills, T.A. (1991). Margaret, Clark, ed. "Social support and interpersonal relationships". Prosocial Behavior, Review of Personality and Social Psychology . 12 : 265–289.

[3] Wills, T.A. (1985). "Supportive functions of interpersonal relationships". Dalam S. Cohen; L. Syme. Social support and health . Orlando, FL: Academic Press. hlm. 61–82.

[4] Uchino, B. (2004). Social Support and Physical Health: Understanding the Health Consequences of Relationships . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. hlm. 16 –17.

[Nursing-5] Langford, C.P.H.; Bowsher, J.; Maloney, J.P.; Lillis, P.P. (1997). "Social support: a conceptual analysis". Journal of Advanced Nursing . 25 : 95–100. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025095.x .

[Slevin_1996_1275–1279-6] Slevin, M.L.; Nichols, S.E.; Downer, S.M.; Wilson, P.; Lister, T.A.; Arnott, S.; Maher, J.; Souhami, R.L.; Tobias, J.S.; Goldstone, A.H.; Cody, M. (1996). "Emotional support for cancer patients: what do patients really want?" . British Journal of Cancer . 74 : 1275–1279. doi : 10.1038/bjc.1996.529 . PMC 2075927 .

[SETReview-7] Taylor, S.E. (2011). "Social support: A Review". Dalam M.S. Friedman. The Handbook of Health Psychology . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. hlm. 189–214.

[Wills912-8] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Wills912

[HealthBehav-9] Heaney, C.A., & Israel, B.A. (2008). "Social networks and social support". Dalam Glanz, K.; Rimer, B.K.; Viswanath, K. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice (edisi ke-4th). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

[House-10] House, J.S. (1981). Work stress and social support . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

[11] Krause, N. (1986). "Social support, stress, and well-being". Journal of Gerontology . 41 (4): 512–519. doi : 10.1093/geronj/41.4.512 .

[12] Tilden, V.P.; Weinert, S.C. (1987). "Social support and the chronically ill individual". Nursing Clinics of North America . 22 (3): 613–620.

[13] Uchino, B. (2004). Social Support and Physical Health: Understanding the Health Consequences of Relationships . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. hlm. 17 .

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