Bengkalis atau haring (bahasa Inggris : herring) merupakan kecil yang menjadi makanan predator yang lebih besar darinya; sebagian besar ikan bengkalis termasuk keluarga Clupeidae .
Mereka sering bergerak dalam kawanan besar di sekitar bagian laut yang dangkal (seperti gosong pasir atau gunung bawah laut ) dan dekat pantai . Spesies yang paling berlimpah jumlahnya dan penting secara komersial adalah yang termasuk dalam genus Clupea , utamanya terdapat di perairan beriklim sedang dan dangkal pada Samudra Pasifik Utara dan Atlantik Utara, termasuk Laut Baltik , serta lepas pantai barat dari Amerika Selatan . Ada tiga spesies Clupea yang telah dikenali, dan memberi kontribusi sekitar 90% dari seluruh penangkapan ikan bengkalis dalam perikanan . Yang paling banyak dari semuanya adalah bengkalis atlantik , kontribusinya lebih dari separuh dari seluruh penangkapan haring. Ikan -ikan yang disebut haring juga ditemukan di India , di Laut Arab , Samudra Hindia dan Teluk Benggala .
Ikan bengkalis memainkan peran penting dalam sejarah perikanan laut di Eropa , [ 2 ] dan di awal abad ke-20 penelitian atas ikan-ikan tersebut menjadi dasar bagi evolusi ilmu perikanan . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Ikan berminyak [ 5 ] ini juga mempunyai sejarah panjang sebagai suatu ikan makanan yang penting, dan sering kali diasinkan , diasapkan , atau .
Lihat pula
- Bengkalis merah (suatu ungkapan, tidak relevan)
- Kipper
Referensi
Catatan
- ^ Based on data sourced from the relevant FAO Species Fact Sheets Diarsipkan 2009-05-08 di Wayback Machine .
- ^ Cushing, David H (1975) Marine ecology and fisheries Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09911-0 .
- ^ Went, AEJ (1972) "The History of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . Section B. Biology, 73 : 351–360. DOI : 10.1017/S0080455X0000240X
- ^ Pauly, Daniel (2004) Darwin's Fishes: An Encyclopedia of Ichthyology, Ecology, and Evolution Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . Page 109, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82777-5 .
- ^ "What's an oily fish?" . . 2004-06-24. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-10 . Diakses tanggal 2015-08-11 .
Bibliografi
- Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). Species of Clupea di FishBase . Versi January 2006.
- Dewhurst HW (1834) Clupea harengis or the common herring Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . In: The Natural History of the Order Cetacea , Oxford University. Pages 232–246.
- Geffen, Audrey J (2009) Advances in herring biology: from simple to complex, coping with plasticity and adaptability: Diarsipkan 2013-04-15 di Archive.is ICES Journal of Marine Science , 66 (8): 1688–1695.
- Gilpen JB (1867) "On the common herring ( Clupea elongata )" Diarsipkan 2016-03-03 di Wayback Machine . Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova-Scotian Institute of Natural Science , 1 (1): 4–11.
- O'Clair, Rita M. and O'Clair, Charles E., "Pacific herring," Southeast Alaska's Rocky Shores: Animals . pg. 343-346. Plant Press: Auke Bay, Alaska (1998). ISBN 0-9664245-0-6
- Stephenson RL (2001) The role of herring investigations in shaping fisheries science Diarsipkan 2013-05-16 di Wayback Machine . In F. Funk, J. Blackburn, D. Hay, A.J. Paul, R. Stephen- son, R. Toresen, and D. Witherell (eds.) Herrings: Expectations for a New Millennium , Alaska Sea Grant College Program. AK-SG-01-04. Pages 1–20. ISBN 1-56612-070-5 .
- Stephenson, R. L., Melvin, G. D., and Power, M. J. (2009) "Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence" Diarsipkan 2013-04-15 di Archive.is ICES Journal of Marine Science , 66 : 1733–1739.
- Whitehead PJP, Nelson GJ and Wongratana T (1988) FAO species catalogue, volume 2: Clupeoid Fishes of the World , Suborder Clupeoidei Diarsipkan 2015-09-24 di Wayback Machine . FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125 , Rome. ISBN 92-5-102340-9 . Download ZIP (16 MB) [ pranala nonaktif permanen ]
Bacaan lanjutan
- Baltic Fisheries Cooperation Committee (1995) Utilization and Marketing of Baltic Herring Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . Nordic Council of Ministers. ISBN 978-92-9120-774-9 .
- and Schroeder WC (1953) Fishes of the Gulf of Maine Diarsipkan 2012-12-18 di Wayback Machine . Pages 88–100, Fishery Bulletin 74 (53), NOAA. pdf version Diarsipkan 2013-02-21 di Wayback Machine .
- Dodd JS (1752) An essay toward a natural history of the herring Original from the New York Public Library.
- Mitchell JM (1864) The herring: its natural history and national importance Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . Edmonston and Douglas. Original from the University of Wisconsin.
- Postan MM, Miller E and Habakkuk HJ (1987) The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-08709-4 .
- Poulsen B (2008) Dutch Herring: An Environmental History, C. 1600-1860 Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5260-304-9 .
- Samuel AM (1918) The herring: its effect on the history of Britain J. Murray. Original from the University of Michigan.
- Stephenson F (2007) Herring Fishermen: Images of an Eastern North Carolina Tradition The History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-269-7 .
- Waters B (1809) Letters upon the subject of the herring fishery: addressed to the secretary of the Honourable the Board for the Herring Fishery at Edinburgh, to which is added, a petition to the lords of the treasury on the same subject Diarsipkan 2023-08-16 di Wayback Machine . Original from Harvard University.
Pranala luar
- Herring "communicate" by flatulence Diarsipkan 2018-04-08 di Wayback Machine . from national geographic
- Atlantic Herring Diarsipkan 2020-01-31 di Wayback Machine . from the Gulf of Maine Research Institute
- Nutrition Facts for Herring Diarsipkan 2009-01-22 di Wayback Machine .
- Prospecting herring waste - from ScienceNordic Diarsipkan 2012-09-05 di Wayback Machine .
- PNAS Population-scale sequencing reveals genetic differentiation due to local adaptation in Atlantic herring. Diarsipkan 2021-04-24 di Wayback Machine .