| Perang di Abkhazia (1992–1993) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagian dari Konflik Georgia–Abkhazia dan Perang Saudara Georgia | |||||||||
Peta wilayah konflik |
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|
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| Pihak terlibat | |||||||||
"Argo"
|
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| Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||||
Vladislav Ardzinba
Shamil Basayev
|
Eduard Shevardnadze
† |
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| Korban | |||||||||
|
2.220 tewas
~8.000 terluka 122 hilang [ 5 ] 1.820 warga tewas (klaim Abkhaz) [ 5 ] |
2.600 tewas
200.000–250.000 orang Georgia mengungsi [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] |
||||||||
Perang di Abkhazia dari tahun 1992 hingga 1993 adalah pertempuran yang berlangsung antara pasukan pemerintah Georgia melawan kelompok separatis Abkhaz , pasukan Rusia dan militan Kaukasus Utara. Orang Georgia yang tinggal di wilayah Abkhazia kebanyakan membantu pasukan pemerintah Georgia. Sementara itu, sebagian besar orang Armenia dan Rusia [ 18 ] di Abkhazia mendukung kelompok separatis Abkhazia. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Kelompok separatis Abkhaz juga mendapat bantuan dari ribuan militan Kaukasus Utara dan Cossack . [ 22 ] [ 23 ]
Kedua belah pihak dituduh telah melakukan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang semakin parah setelah pada tanggal 27 September 1993, karena setelah itu terjadi pembersihan etnis terhadap orang-orang Georgia. [ 24 ] Selain itu, lebih dari 250.000 orang Georgia menjadi pengungsi internal , sementara 2.000 orang hilang.
Perang ini sangat berdampak terhadap negara Georgia pada masa setelah pembubaran Uni Soviet , karena Georgia mengalami kerugian keuangan, korban jiwa dan psikologis. Pertempuran dan konflik sporadis juga telah menghancurkan Abkhazia.
Catatan kaki
- ^ https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/g/georgia/georgia953.pdf
- ^ Dmitry Kholodov, Moscow journalist covering the Conflict, September 1993, Nezavisimaya Gazeta , Moscow
- ^ Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna. Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia and the Russian Shadow. Gothic Image Publications, 1994
- ^ White Book of Abkhazia. 1992–1993 Documents, Materials, Evidences . Moscow, 1993.
- ^ a b c "GEORGIA/ABKHAZIA: VIOLATIONS OF THE LAWS OF WAR AND RUSSIA'S ROLE IN THE CONFLICT" . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-11-25 . Diakses tanggal 2018-01-04 .
- ^ The Guns of August 2008, Russia's War in Georgia, Svante Cornell & Frederick Starr, p 27
- ^ Anatol Lieven, "Victorious Abkhazian Army Settles Old Scores in An Orgy of Looting, The Times, 4 October 1993
- ^ In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander, International Herald Tribune, 22 October 1993
- ^ The Human Rights Field Operation: Law, Theory and Practice, Abkhazia Case,
- ^ The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, Michael Bourdeaux, hlm. 237–238
- ^ Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov, p. 388
- ^ On Ruins of Empire: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Former Soviet Union Georgiy I. Mirsky, hlm. 72
- ^ Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties by Roger Kaplan, hlm. 564
- ^ Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus, hlm. 174
-
^
https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080334/http://assembly.coe.int/documents/adoptedtext/ta96/erec1305.htm
. Diarsipkan dari
versi asli
tanggal 7 April 2014
. Diakses tanggal
2 April
2014
.
Tidak memiliki atau tanpa
|title=( bantuan ) -
^
https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080112/https://drc.dk/relief-work/stories-from-the-field/story/artikel/durable-solutions-for-the-long-term-displaced/
. Diarsipkan dari
versi asli
tanggal 7 April 2014
. Diakses tanggal
2 April
2014
.
Tidak memiliki atau tanpa
|title=( bantuan ) - ^ "European Commission – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – European Union promotes Justice Reform and support to Internally Displaced People in Georgia" . Europa.eu . Diakses tanggal 2016-02-24 .
- ^ Helen Krag and Lars Funch. The North Caucasus: Minorities at a Crossroads. (Manchester, December 1994)
- ^ Abkhazia Today. Diarsipkan 2007-05-10 di Wayback Machine . The International Crisis Group Europe Report N°176, 15 September 2006, page 5 . Diakses 30 Mei 2007.
- ^ AGBU, ABKHAZIA ARMENIANS: HOLDING A HOME IN AN UNSTABLE TERRITORY Diarsipkan 2012-02-07 di Wayback Machine ., 11/1/2004
- ^ The Security of the Caspian Sea Region hlm. 286 oleh Alexander Kyrlov dan disunting oleh Genadi Chufrin
- ^ "Salinan arsip" (PDF) . Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04 . Diakses tanggal 2018-01-04 .
- ^ Rusiant-Georgian War 1992–93
- ^ General Assembly Adopts Resolution Recognizing Right Of Return By Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons To Abkhazia, Georgia
Daftar pustaka
- Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna. Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia and the Russian Shadow. Gothic Image Publications, 1994.
- Andersen, Andrew. "Russia Versus Georgia: One Undeclared War in the Caucasus." , Young Experts’ Think Tank (YETT)
- Blair, Heather. Ethnic Conflict as a Tool of Outside Influence: An Examination of Abkhazia and Kosovo. , Young Experts’ Think Tank (YETT)
- McCallion, Amy. Abkhazian Separatism , Young Experts’ Think Tank (YETT)
- Lynch, Dov, The Conflict in Abkhazia: Dilemmas in Russian 'Peacekeeping' Policy. Royal Institute of International Affairs, February 1998.
- MacFarlane, S., N., “On the front lines in the near abroad: the CIS and the OSCE in Georgia’ s civil wars”, Third World Quarterly , Vol 18, No 3, pp 509– 525, 1997.
- Marshania L., Tragedy of Abkhazia Moscow, 1996
- White Book of Abkhazia. 1992–1993 Documents, Materials, Evidences. Moscow, 1993.
Pranala luar
- Accord issue on the Georgia Abkhazia peace process Diarsipkan 2012-04-02 di Wayback Machine . also includes chronology and key texts & agreements. (Inggris) & (Rusia)
- http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=37201 Diarsipkan 2010-06-05 di Wayback Machine .
