| Spiritual | |
|---|---|
| Sumber aliran | , himne Kristen |
| Sumber kebudayaan | |
| Alat musik yang biasa digunakan | |
| Bentuk turunan | Blues , |
Spirituals (atau Spiritual negro [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] ) adalah musik-musik keagamaan (utamanya Kristen ) yang dibuat oleh budak di Amerika Serikat.
Terminologi dan asal mula
Istilah spiritual berasal dari musik spiritual. Efesus 5:19 berkata: "dan berkata-katalah seorang kepada yang lain dalam mazmur, kidung puji-pujian dan nyanyian rohani. Bernyanyi dan bersoraklah bagi Tuhan dengan segenap hati."
Lihat pula
Catatan kaki
- ^ "The "Negro Spiritual" Scholarship Foundation" . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-06-28 . Diakses tanggal 2014-03-08 .
- ^ "The Negro Spiritual Singers" . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-07-29 . Diakses tanggal 2014-03-08 .
- ^ Negro Spirituals Heritage Day
- ^ "The Negro Spiritual Workshop" . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-04 . Diakses tanggal 2014-03-08 .
- ^ negrospirituals.com
- ^ Negro Spirituals: Songs of Survival
Bacaan tambahan
- William Eleazar Barton (1899/1972), Old Plantation Hymns: A Collection of Hitherto Unpublished Melodies of the Slave and the Freeman, with Historical and Descriptive Notes , reprint, New York: AMS Press.
- : Extending the Canon: Thomas Wentworth Higginson and African-American Spirituals (Munich, Germany, 2013)
- Nash, Elizabeth (2007). "Autobiographical Reminiscences of African-American Classical Singers, 1853-Present". Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-5250-8
Pranala luar
- The Spirituals Project
- Sweet Chariot: the story of the spirituals Diarsipkan 2009-05-11 di Wayback Machine .
- Fisk Jubilee Singers
- Marian Anderson: A Life in Song Diarsipkan 2002-12-20 di Wayback Machine .
- Historical Notes on African American melodies , including 75 Negro spirituals with downloadable arrangements for solo instrument
- Free Gospel scores Diarsipkan 2011-06-14 di Wayback Machine .
Contoh rekaman
- Listen to "Pharaoh's Army Got Drowned," artists unknown (765 KB)
- Gordon Collection ; performed by unknown persons in the Bay Area of California in the early 1920s
- Download recording of "Deep Down in My Heart", from the Library of Congress' Gordon Collection ; performed by W. M. Givens in , on about March 19, 1926